Chinese e-commerce giant JD has kept the top spot in the China Top 500 Private Companies with operating revenue of 1.05 trillion yuan ($143.52 billion) in 2022, according to the latest report released by the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce on Sept 12.

Last year, China's top 500 private firms registered total operation revenues of 39.83 trillion yuan, up 3.94 percent on a yearly basis. The threshold to enter the top 500 ranking rose by 1.21 billion yuan from the previous year to 27.58 billion yuan. There were 95 firms that saw their operation revenues exceeding 100 billion yuan, according to the report.

Let's take a look at the top 10 private companies: