Xu Yaotong, Professor in Party building at the Chinese Academy of Governance

The leadership highlighted an all-out effort to enforce strict Party discipline at the Sixth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee.

The "all-out" means all Party organizations should be included, without any exception. The difficulty might lie in the grassroots groups, such as those in villages and townships.

The "all-out" also means strict governance shall be applied in all aspects of the Party, such as ideology development, structural construction, members' work style and lifestyle. Third, it must be a long-term effort－there's no end to it. Giving up halfway or doing short-term campaigns won't do.