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（二）大力推進(jìn)改革開放，注重制度建設(shè)和創(chuàng)新

2. Working hard on reform and opening up, concentrating on institutional development and innovation.

全面深化農(nóng)村改革。以鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)機(jī)構(gòu)、農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育和縣鄉(xiāng)財(cái)政管理體制改革為主要內(nèi)容的農(nóng)村綜合改革，取得階段性重要成果。放開糧食收購市場(chǎng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了糧食購銷市場(chǎng)化。集體林權(quán)制度改革進(jìn)行了成功探索。供銷合作社、國有農(nóng)場(chǎng)等改革進(jìn)展順利。

Rural reforms were deepened across the board. Major progress was made in the current stage of the overall rural reform, mainly consisting of reform of town and township government bodies, reform of the rural compulsory education system and reform of the fiscal systems at the county and township levels. Government control of grain purchasing was lifted, and the purchase and sale of grain are now market based. Successful trials were carried out in reforming the system of collective forest rights. Smooth progress was made in the reform of supply and marketing cooperatives and state-owned farms.

堅(jiān)持完善基本經(jīng)濟(jì)制度。鞏固和發(fā)展公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)，推進(jìn)國有資產(chǎn)管理體制改革和國有經(jīng)濟(jì)布局與結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整，建立和完善國有資產(chǎn)出資人制度。加快國有企業(yè)股份制改革，一批具有國際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的大公司大企業(yè)集團(tuán)發(fā)展壯大。郵政體制改革順利進(jìn)行，電力、電信、民航、鐵路等行業(yè)改革取得積極進(jìn)展。2006年，全國國有企業(yè)資產(chǎn)總額比2002年增長60.98%，實(shí)現(xiàn)利潤增長2.23倍，稅收增長1.05倍。國有經(jīng)濟(jì)活力、控制力和影響力明顯增強(qiáng)。制定和實(shí)施一系列政策措施，進(jìn)一步營造公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的法制環(huán)境和市場(chǎng)環(huán)境，鼓勵(lì)、支持和引導(dǎo)個(gè)體私營等非公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。非公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)在促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長、擴(kuò)大就業(yè)、增加稅收和活躍市場(chǎng)等方面，發(fā)揮著越來越大的作用。

Continued progress was made in improving the basic economic system. We consolidated and developed the public sector of the economy, made progress in reform of the management system for state-owned assets and adjustment of the distribution and structure of the state sector of the economy, and set up and improved a system for investors of state assets. We accelerated the reform to institute a stockholding system in SOEs, and a number of large companies and conglomerates with the ability to compete internationally were formed. Reform of the postal service system proceeded smoothly, and encouraging progress was made in reforming the power, telecommunications, civil aviation and railway industries. The total value of assets of Chinese SOEs in 2006 grew by 60.98% compared to 2002, their total profits increased by 223%, and their tax contributions grew by 105%. The vitality of the state sector and its impact and influence on the economy as a whole were greatly enhanced. We formulated and implemented a series of policies and measures to foster a legal framework and market environment conducive to fair competition, and encouraged, supported and guided the development of the nonpublic sector, which includes individual-proprietorship businesses and private enterprises. As a result, the nonpublic sector of the economy is playing an increasingly bigger role in stimulating economic growth, creating jobs, increasing tax revenue, and invigorating the market.

大力推進(jìn)金融、財(cái)稅體制改革。針對(duì)國有商業(yè)銀行經(jīng)營管理不善、金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)加劇的狀況，我們果斷地推進(jìn)了改革。中國工商銀行、中國銀行、中國建設(shè)銀行和交通銀行完成股份制改造并成功上市，資產(chǎn)質(zhì)量和盈利能力明顯提高，銀行業(yè)發(fā)生了重大變化。堅(jiān)定地進(jìn)行上市公司股權(quán)分置改革，解決了這個(gè)長期困擾證券市場(chǎng)發(fā)展的制度性問題。重點(diǎn)國有保險(xiǎn)企業(yè)重組改制上市，促進(jìn)了保險(xiǎn)業(yè)迅速發(fā)展。利率市場(chǎng)化改革邁出實(shí)質(zhì)性步伐。實(shí)施人民幣匯率形成機(jī)制改革，匯率彈性逐步增強(qiáng)。外匯管理體制改革全面推進(jìn)。財(cái)稅體制改革進(jìn)一步深化，財(cái)政轉(zhuǎn)移支付制度和公共財(cái)政制度逐步完善。2003年到2007年，中央財(cái)政對(duì)地方的轉(zhuǎn)移支付累計(jì)4.25萬億元，87%用于支持中西部地區(qū)。在部分企業(yè)試行國有資本經(jīng)營預(yù)算制度。啟動(dòng)和擴(kuò)大增值稅轉(zhuǎn)型改革試點(diǎn)。統(tǒng)一內(nèi)外資企業(yè)所得稅制度。建立國家統(tǒng)一的職務(wù)與級(jí)別相結(jié)合的公務(wù)員工資制度，初步規(guī)范了津貼補(bǔ)貼制度。投資體制改革和價(jià)格改革取得新進(jìn)展。

We vigorously promoted reform of the banking, fiscal and taxation systems. We resolutely carried out reform addressing the poor performance and greater financial risks of state-owned commercial banks. The Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, the Bank of China, the China Construction Bank and the Bank of Communications were turned into stockholding companies and listed on stock markets. This brought about significant improvement in the quality of their assets and profitability as well as major changes in the banking industry. We resolutely carried out reform of the shareholder structure in listed companies and resolved this longstanding institutional problem that hindered the development of the securities market. Key state-owned insurance firms were reorganized and went public, promoting rapid development of the insurance industry. Substantive progress was made in making interest rates more market-based. We reformed the RMB exchange rate regime to gradually make the exchange rate more flexible. Comprehensive progress was made in reform of the system for managing foreign exchange. Reform of the fiscal and taxation systems was deepened, and the system of transfer payments and the system of public finance were steadily improved. The central government turned over 4.25 trillion yuan in transfer payments to local governments from 2003 to 2007, with 87% of it allocated to the central and western regions. A budget system for managing state capital was introduced in some enterprises on a trial basis. We launched and expanded trials to reform the value-added tax. The income tax systems for domestic and overseas-funded enterprises were unified. A unified state civil servant salary system based on both position and rank was set up, and the system of subsidies and allowances was basically standardized. Further progress was made in reform of the investment system and pricing system.

加強(qiáng)市場(chǎng)體系建設(shè)。生產(chǎn)要素市場(chǎng)化程度穩(wěn)步提高。商品流通現(xiàn)代化步伐加快。土地和礦產(chǎn)資源市場(chǎng)秩序、產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量和食品藥品安全等專項(xiàng)整治取得明顯成效，保護(hù)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)力度加大，嚴(yán)厲打擊了制假售假、非法傳銷、商業(yè)欺詐、盜版侵權(quán)等違法犯罪活動(dòng)。

Work to develop the market system was intensified. Market forces played an increasingly important role in trade in the factors of production. The modernization of commodity distribution was accelerated. Significant achievements were made in the effort to rectify order in the markets for land and mineral resources and improve the quality of products and the safety of food and drugs. Protection of intellectual property rights was strengthened, and we severely cracked down on violations of the law such as the production and sale of counterfeit goods, pyramid schemes, commercial fraud, piracy and infringement on others' rights.

堅(jiān)持?jǐn)U大對(duì)外開放。我們認(rèn)真履行加入世界貿(mào)易組織各項(xiàng)承諾，積極做好過渡期各項(xiàng)工作。深化涉外經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革，促進(jìn)貿(mào)易投資便利化。放開外貿(mào)經(jīng)營權(quán)，大幅度降低關(guān)稅，取消進(jìn)口配額、許可證等非關(guān)稅措施，金融、商業(yè)、電信等服務(wù)業(yè)開放不斷擴(kuò)大。進(jìn)出口商品結(jié)構(gòu)逐步優(yōu)化。利用外資質(zhì)量進(jìn)一步提高。實(shí)施“走出去”戰(zhàn)略邁出堅(jiān)實(shí)步伐，對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)互利合作取得明顯成效。

We continued to open China wider to the outside world. We honored all the commitments we made when we entered the World Trade Organization and made all the required adjustments for the transition period. We deepened reform of the externally oriented economic system to facilitate trade and investment. We lifted controls over access to foreign trade, greatly lowered tariffs, rescinded non-tariff measures such as import quotas and permits, and opened banking, commerce, telecommunications and other service sectors wider. There was gradual improvement in the mix of imports and exports. There was further improvement in the utilization of foreign capital. The "go global" strategy was resolutely implemented and significant results were obtained in mutually beneficial economic cooperation with other countries.